Kula da kuliyoyi da suka ɓace ya zama ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da suka fi jawo ce-ce-ku-ce a yankunan ƙananan hukumomi na Spain tun lokacin da Dokar Kula da Dabbobi ta 2023 ta kafa wajibcin kula da yankunan kuliyoyi ta amfani da hanyar TNR (Trap-Neuter-Return) . Dokar ta bayyana a sarari cewa ba za a iya barin kuliyoyi na al'umma su kula da kansu ba , amma aikace-aikacenta ya zama rashin daidaito a duk faɗin ƙasar. Duk da cewa wasu birane sun shafe shekaru suna ƙirƙirar shirye-shirye masu kyau, wasu kuma suna fuskantar shari'o'i da yawa saboda rashin ɗaukar mataki.
Muhawarar ba ta da wani muhimmanci. A bayan kowace matsugunin kyanwa akwai dabbobi da dama da ke buƙatar kulawar dabbobi, ciyar da su yadda ya kamata, kuma, sama da duka, hana yawan jama'a yin bahaya ba tare da an duba su ba. Amma akwai kuma mazauna da ke korafi game da hayaniya, ƙamshi, da matsalolin lafiyar jama'a. Daidaito tsakanin jin daɗin dabbobi da zaman lafiya yana da rauni , kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana magance ta da ƙa'idodi daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da yanayi masu karo da juna a faɗin Spain.
Cordoba, samfurin da ke haifar da bambanci
Idan akwai wuri ɗaya da hanyar TNR (Trap-Neuter-Return) ta zama tsarin da aka yi koyi da shi, to Córdoba ce. Babban birnin Andalus ya shafe shekaru biyar yana aiwatar da wani shiri wanda ya yi nasarar sarrafa kuliyoyi sama da 7.200 da aka yi wa rijista a cikin gidaje 340 na kyanwa. Bayan waɗannan alkaluman akwai aikin da Majalisar Birni ta tsara, Kwalejin Likitoci ta Hukuma, Ƙungiyar Kare Dabbobi (FAPAC), da kuma rundunar masu kula da masu sa kai sama da 300 waɗanda suka san kowane lungu na birnin.
Tsarin da ake amfani da shi a Córdoba ya wuce kawai a yi wa dabbobin allurar rigakafi da kuma yin amfani da microchip. Masu kula da su suna samun horo na musamman kuma suna kiyaye cikakken bayani game da kowace mahaifa , gami da yanayin lafiyar kowace kyanwa, zuwan sabbin kuliyoyi, da kuma ɓacewar wasu. Likitocin dabbobi, a nasu ɓangaren, sun kafa tsarin aiki irin na yau da kullun don tabbatar da cewa ɗakunan tiyata koyaushe suna samuwa don tiyata. A cikin rana ɗaya, asibiti na iya yin rigakafi tsakanin kuliyoyi 20 zuwa 40, kuma kowace dabba tana karɓar alluran rigakafin cutar rabies da cat trivalent, da kuma magungunan hana ƙwayoyin cuta.
Sakamakon ya bayyana sarai. Wasu yankuna sun ɓace gaba ɗaya, yayin da wasu kuma suka ga yawan jama'arsu ya ragu sosai . Mabuɗin shine cimma babban adadin hana haihuwa, kusan kashi 80%, don haka haifuwa ta tsaya cak. Bugu da ƙari, wannan aikin yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga lafiyar jama'a: kuliyoyi da aka yi wa tiyata suna da lafiya, ana cire tsutsotsi, kuma ana yi musu allurar rigakafi, wanda ke rage yaɗuwar cututtuka. Mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar dabbobi ta Córdoba, María José Delgado, ta jaddada cewa "mutane galibi suna mantawa cewa wannan ba don kuliyoyi kawai ba ne, har ma don amfanin al'umma baki ɗaya."
San Sebastián de los Reyes yana da lokacin da aka rasa
Daga Andalusia, a cikin Al'ummar Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes ta ɗauki wani muhimmin mataki ta hanyar dawo da shirinta na birni don kula da gidajen kyanwa na dabbobin daji bayan an kawar da su a lokacin gwamnatin da ta gabata. Majalisar Birni ta sanya hannu kan sabbin yarjejeniyoyi da ke ware sama da €36.000 don yin kwangilar ayyukan dabbobi da kuma daidaita shirin TNR (Trap-Neuter-Return) tare da wurin kula da dabbobi na Brigada de Defensa Animal (Animal Defense Brigade), wata ƙungiya da ke gudanar da wannan aikin da son rai kuma tana biyan kuɗin da kanta.
Ƙwarewar shirin shine manufar Majalisar Birni , wadda ke son tabbatar da cewa an gudanar da kamawa, hana haihuwa, da kuma sakin dabbobi bisa ƙa'idodin dabbobi masu tsauri. Yarjejeniyar da aka yi da Asibitin Dabbobin La Dehesa ba wai kawai ta shafi tiyata ba, har ma da kulawar gaggawa da duk wani shiga tsakani da ake buƙata don kula da lafiyar dabbobin. Wannan matakin ya sanya San Sebastián de los Reyes a kan hanya madaidaiciya, kodayake har yanzu yana da nisa a gaba don cimma matakan kula da ɗabi'a na dabbobin kuliyoyi waɗanda Córdoba ta riga ta yi alfahari da su.
Monforte de Lemos, ɗayan gefen tsabar kudin
Ba dukkan ƙananan hukumomi ne ke cika wajibcinsu ba. A Monforte de Lemos, ƙungiyar Miau Lemos ta kai ƙarar Majalisar Birni a kotu saboda rashin wani takamaiman shiri na kula da yankunan kyanwa, wani abu da doka ta buƙata tun daga Maris 2023. Shugaban ƙungiyar, Isaac Rey, ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya sanar da Majalisar Birni game da wanzuwar yankunan kyanwa a watan Janairun 2025 kuma, ganin rashin mayar da martani, an tilasta masa ya ɗauki matakin shari'a.
Yanayin da ake ciki a Monforte yana da matuƙar wahala musamman saboda akwai tarin kuliyoyi marasa lafiya, ciki har da samfuran da ke ɗauke da cutar kansa da kuma karyewar ƙafafuwa . Wata mazauniyar yankin, Marta Quiroga, ta ce ta sha sanar da Majalisar Birnin akai-akai game da wani yanki a wani kadara mai zaman kansa inda kuliyoyi ke hayayyafa ba tare da wata matsala ba kuma suna da ƙarancin lafiya. Ƙungiyar jam'iyyar People's Party, a nata ɓangaren, ta sanar da cewa za ta yi tambaya a zaman majalissar game da "takaddamar shari'a da ake yi wa Majalisar Birni" game da zargin karya doka da hukumomin yankin suka yi , kuma ta soki gwamnatin yankin saboda "ta ware kimanin Yuro 150.000 ga wurin kare sannan ta kasa cika wa'adin da ta ɗauka game da wuraren kare kuliyoyi."
Majalisar Birni ta dage cewa sashen shari'a na binciken karar, kuma game da kadarorin masu zaman kansu, "masu su ne ke da alhakin" kuma "Majalisar Birni ba za ta iya shiga kadarorin masu zaman kansu ba." Wannan martanin bai gamsar da masu shigar da ƙara ba, waɗanda suka dage cewa gwamnatin yankin tana da ikon shiga tsakani a cikin waɗannan shari'o'in da kuma tabbatar da lafiyar dabbobi.
Matsalar abinci: ciyarwa ba tare da tsari ba yana jan hankalin beraye
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi damun hukumomin lafiya shine alaƙar da ke tsakanin ciyar da kuliyoyi da kuma yaɗuwar beraye a birane. Majalisar Birnin Bilbao ta ƙaddamar da wani kamfen watanni da suka gabata tana gargadin cewa "abincin da kuke bai wa kuliyoyi ko tattabarai ya ƙare ya zama nasu." Beraye suna amfani da tarkacen da aka bari a wuraren jama'a don ciyarwa, kuma a lokacin kaka, lokacin da yanayin yanayi ya canza, suna iya neman mafaka a gine-gine da magudanar ruwa.
Birane da dama na Spain na ganin karuwar rahotannin kamuwa da beraye . A Pedregalejo (Málaga), mazauna yankin sun ba da rahoton karuwar beraye a watan Satumba, wanda ke da alaƙa da tarin shara da kuma sauƙin shiga cikin kwantena na shara. A Lugo, ofishin yawon buɗe ido na birni ya zama dole ya yi maganin hana beraye duk bayan mako biyu saboda matsalar da ke ci gaba da faruwa. Ƙungiyar Kamfanonin Lafiyar Muhalli ta Ƙasa (ANECPLA) ta nuna cewa waɗannan shari'o'in ba su da wani abin mamaki kuma an sami irin waɗannan abubuwan a cikin 2026 a Mazarrón, Alicante, Gijón, da Zaragoza.
Masana sun dage cewa mafita ba ita ce a daina ciyar da kuliyoyi ba, a'a a yi hakan ne ta hanyar da aka tsara da kuma a lokutan da babu wani tarkace da za a iya samu ga wasu dabbobi. Hanyar TNR (Trap-Neuter-Return), idan aka aiwatar da ita yadda ya kamata, ita ma kayan aikin lafiyar jama'a ne: kuliyoyi da aka yi musu tiyatar haihuwa a wuraren da aka keɓe don ciyar da su ba sa buƙatar neman abinci a cikin shara da kuma hana kamuwa da beraye. A Córdoba, misali, mazauna yankin Yahudawa sun koma daga korafi game da wannan cuta zuwa jin daɗin wani yanki mai kyau wanda har ma yana jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido.
Koma dai mene ne, hanyar da za a bi wajen kula da kyawawan dabi'u da inganci na yankunan kyanwa na daji a Spain har yanzu tana da tsawo. Dokar a bayyane take, amma aiwatar da ita ya dogara ne da son rai na siyasa da kuma shigar 'yan ƙasa. Córdoba ta nuna cewa hakan yana yiwuwa, Monforte ta nuna abin da ke faruwa idan ba a ɗauki wani mataki ba , kuma sauran ƙananan hukumomi yanzu suna da abin koyi da za su bi. Jin daɗin kyanwa da suka ɓace ba wai kawai batun tausayi ba ne, har ma da lafiyar jama'a, zama tare, da bin doka.
